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If you want to use the contents of an auto-save file to recover from a loss of data, use the command M-x recover-file RET file RET. Emacs visits file and then (after your confirmation) restores the contents from the auto-save file #file#. You can then save the file with C-x C-s to put the recovered text into file itself. For example, to recover file foo.c from its auto-save file #foo.c#, do:
M-x recover-file RET foo.c RET C-x C-s
Before asking for confirmation, M-x recover-file displays a directory listing describing the specified file and the auto-save file, so you can compare their sizes and dates. If the auto-save file is older, M-x recover-file does not offer to read it.
Auto-saving is disabled by M-x recover-file because using this command implies that the auto-save file contains valuable data from a past session. If you save the data in the visited file and then go on to make new changes, turn auto-saving back on with M-x auto-save-mode.